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When we blink, tears form a film which spreads
over the eye, making the surface smooth and optically clear
and enabling good vision. There are three layers in the thin
film of tears: an oily layer, a watery layer and a layer of
mucus, each with specific function.
The outermost, oily layer is produced by small glands at the
edge of the eyelid (meibomian glands) and the main purpose
of this layer is to smooth the tear surface and reduce evaporation.
The middle, watery layer, is produced by small glands scattered
through the conjunctiva, (the delicate membrane lining the
inside of the eyelid) and by the large lacrimal (tear) gland.
This layer cleanses the eye and washes away foreign particles
or irritants.
The innermost layer consists of mucus which allows the water
layer to spread evenly over the surface of the eye. Without
mucus, tears would not adhere to the eye.
What causes Dry Eye?
Dry Eye is often caused by environmental factors such
as indoor heating or air conditioning, it can be caused by
occupational factors such as prolonged computer use.
Dry eye is caused when the tear gland produces insufficient
tears. This can happen as part of the normal aging process.
It is more common among women, so although the condition is
not common it tends to occur with increasing age when it is
not always noticed because the effect of dry eye tends to
balance another age-related change; poor tear drainage.
Here are some precautions you can take to prevent
or minimize Dry Eye:
- Avoid drafts from heating or air conditioning
vents, especially in cars or airplanes.
- Take frequent breaks to relieve eye strain
during periods of prolonged computer use.
- Remove your contact lenses and keep them
especially clean when your eyes are feeling dry.
- After LASIK surgery, use artificial tears
to soothe and comfort your eyes during recovery.
- Be aware that certain over the counter medications
and prescription drugs can contribute to Dry Eye.
- Know that natural changes in tear production
and composition often occur due to age or disease.
How is Dry Eye Diagnosed?
The physicians at Eye Surgical Associates can check your
eyes for the signs and symptoms of dry eye. They will likely
use one of several quick and painless tests to measure your
tear production and determine the severity of your condition.
What can I do about Dry Eye?
If you suspect you have Dry Eye, see your doctor. He or
she can determine which treatment is appropriate for you.
Depending on the severity of your condition, tear replacement
is the most commonly recommended therapy. This involves the
use of lubricant eye drops or for more severe dry eye and
overnight relief, gels or ointments may be used.
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